What is Migraine ?

Headaches can be more complicated than most people realize. Different kinds can have their own set of symptoms, happen for unique reasons, and need different treatments.

Once you know the type of headache you have, you and your doctor can find the treatment that’s most likely to help and even try to prevent them.

Common Types of Headaches

There are over 150 types of headaches, but the most common types include:

Tension Headaches

Tension headaches are the most common type of headache among adults and teens. They cause mild to moderate pain and come and go over time. They usually have no other symptoms

Migraine Headaches

Migraine headaches are often described as pounding, throbbing pain. They can last from 4 hours to 3 days and usually happen one to four times a month. Along with the pain, people have other symptoms, such as sensitivity to light, noise, or smells; nausea or vomiting; loss of appetite; and upset stomach or belly pain. When a child has a migraine, they may look pale, feel dizzy, and have blurry vision, fever, and an upset stomach. A small number of children’s migraines include digestive symptoms, like vomiting, that happen about once a month. What are the different types of migraine aura?

There are three main types of migraine auras:

Visual aura. This common type of migraine aura is characterized by temporary changes in your vision, such as flashing lights or zigzags.

Sensorimotor aura. Sensory or motor disturbances may include tingling, numbness or weakness, which may or may not be accompanied by visual aura.

Dysphasic aura. This is the least common type of migraine aura. It includes verbal and language symptoms like mumbling or slurred speech.

How common is a migraine aura?

Only 25% to 30% of people with migraine headaches experience migraine aura. Of that population, approximately:

90% to 99% of people develop visual aura.

36% of people develop sensory aura.

10% of people develop dysphasic aura.

Migraine aura is considered a “warning stage” that sometimes occurs before the onset of a migraine headache. Migraine aura refers to any number of sensory disturbances, including dots, sparks or zigzags in your vision. Some people experience tinnitus, dizziness or even the inability to speak clearly.

 

This condition may occur prior to or during a migraine attack — usually 30 to 60 minutes prior to the head pain. It’s important to note that migraine aura doesn’t happen during every migraine episode 

What does visual migraine aura look like?

People who experience visual migraine aura may notice a variety of disturbances in their field of vision. Visual migraine aura symptoms may include:

Flashing lights.

Brightly coloured spots.

Zigzag lines.

Foggy vision.

Blind spots.

The sensation that you’re looking at objects through water or heat waves.

Is migraine aura serious?

Although uncomfortable, a migraine aura isn’t dangerous. However, it can mimic symptoms of other serious conditions, such as stroke. Therefore, it’s important to seek medical care if you think something suspicious is going on

What causes migraine aura?

The exact causes of migraine aura are unknown. However, research indicates that the condition may be due to an electrical wave that moves across the visual cortex, resulting in visual changes.

What triggers migraine aura?

Migraine aura is typically triggered by the same factors that cause migraine without aura. Common causes include:

Bright lights.

Certain foods or medications.

Stress.

Sleep disturbances.

Periods.

DIAGNOSIS AND TESTS

How is migraine aura diagnosed?

To rule out more serious conditions, such as a transient ischemic attack (TIA) or mini-stroke, your healthcare provider will perform a physical examination. They may also run certain tests to confirm your diagnosis. These tests may include:

An eye exam. This test helps rule out any eye conditions that could be causing aura symptoms.

A CT (computed tomography) scan of your head. This scan takes detailed images of your brain.

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). This test uses magnets and radio waves to capture images of the tissues, organs, and structures inside of your body.

How do I stop migraine aura?

Migraine aura treatment is focused on easing symptoms. Your healthcare provider may recommend a number of medications, including:

Pain relievers. Prescription or over-the-counter pain medications — such as acetaminophen, ibuprofen, or aspirin — can alleviate migraine aura and associated pain.

Triptans. Sumatriptan and rizatriptan block pain pathways in the brain. These medications may be prescribed as pills, injections, or nasal sprays.

Dihydroergotamine nasal spray or dihydroergotamine injection. These medications can be taken at the onset of a migraine attack in an effort to lessen symptoms.

Opioids. These drugs may be recommended for people who can’t take triptans or dihydroergotamines. Because opioids are highly addictive, this treatment should only be considered when all other options have failed.

Anti-nausea drugs. When migraine aura is accompanied by nausea and vomiting, medications like metoclopramide, chlorpromazine, or prochlorperazine can ease these symptoms.

Magnesium. This supplement can break visual aura and reduce pain.

Migraine Headaches (Homeopathy) Remedy Options :

Primary Remedies

  • Belladonna

This relieves headaches with the feeling of head fullness, and sensitivity to noise and light.

  • Bryonia

This remedy can be helpful if a person has a heavy or “splitting” headache, with steady pain that settles over one eye (especially the left) or spreads to the entire head. Pain is worse from any motion, even from moving the eyes, and the person wants to lie completely still and not be talked to or disturbed. Nausea with a heavy feeling in the stomach and vomiting may occur. The person can have a very dry mouth and usually is thirsty.

  • Gelsemium

This remedy relieves congestive headaches at the base of the head, as well as headaches around the eye, caused or aggravated by stress.

  • Glonoinum

This remedy relieves sudden headaches, with fullness of head and feeling of heat, and aggravated by heat.

  • Ignatia

This remedy is helpful for migraines in sensitive people, especially headaches after emotional upsets or caused by grief. The headache is often focused on one side of the head, and may feel as if a nail is driven in. Twitching in the face or spasms in the muscles of the neck and back frequently occur. The person often sighs or yawns and may sometimes weep or seem “hysterical.”

  • Iris versicolor

Intense migraines with blurry vision and pain that extends to the face and eth, along with vomiting and a burning feeling in the throat and stomach, can often be relieved with this remedy. The person feels worse from resting and better from motion.

  • Natrum muriaticum

Migraines (often on the right) that are worse from grief or emotional upsets, worse from too much sun, or occur just before or after the menstrual period, are likely to respond to this remedy. The headache feels like “a thousand little hammers were knocking on the brain” and is often worse from eyestrain. The person may have numb or tingling feelings in the lips or face before the headache starts, and the eyes are very sensitive to light. The person often feels better lying in the dark and after sleeping.

  • Nux vomica

This remedy relieves nausea and digestive troubles associated with overindulgence in food or alcohol.

  • Sanguinaria

Right-sided migraines with tension in the neck and shoulder, extending to the forehead with a bursting feeling in the eye, are often relieved with this remedy. Jarring, light, and noise aggravate discomfort. The headaches improve after vomiting, as well as from burping or passing gas, and are often better after sleep. A person who needs this remedy often comes down with migraines after missing meals, and also has digestive problems and allergies.

  • Sepia

Left-sided migraines with dizziness and nausea, worse from missing meals, and worse near menstrual periods or during menopause, often responds to this remedy. Pain may come in shocks or jerks, and the person feels worse indoors and from lying on the painful side. A person needing Sepia feels weary, cold, and irritable, wanting no one to make demands on them.

  • Silicea (also called Silica)

Migraines that come on after mental exertion or near the menstrual period may indicate a need for this remedy—especially in a nervous person who is very chilly. Headaches are usually right-sided, starting in the back of the head and extending to the forehead, and are worse from drafts or from going out in the cold without a hat. The person may feel better from lying down in a dark, warm room and also from covering the head.

Other Remedies

  1. Cimicifuga

This remedy is often indicated for migraines with throbbing pains (“as if the top of the head would fly open”) or shooting pains in the eyes. Headaches are often associated with the menstrual period or come on after long-term study or worrying. The muscles of the neck are usually involved in the headache, feeling very stiff and painful. The person (normally talkative and energetic) feels mentally dull and gloomy, or even fearful, during a migraine. Pain is worse from motion and sometimes improved by eating.

  1. Coffea cruda

This remedy relieves headaches and sleeplessness with agitation and overactive thoughts.

  1. Cyclamen

Migraines that start with flickering in the eyes, dim vision, or dizziness suggest a need for this remedy. Pain is often right-sided and may involve the ear—which can also ache or itch. The person feels very weak and sick (the nausea is often worse from fatty food) and is thirsty, very sensitive to cold, and worse from open air. People who need this remedy are sympathetic and emotional; they often have an anxious or remorseful feeling that they may have neglected some responsibility.

  1. Kali phosphoricum

This remedy relieves symptoms from intellectual overwork.

  1. Lachesis

Left-sided migraines with congested, pulsing pain that is worse from pressure or tight clothing may respond to this remedy. The person’s face looks deeply flushed or blotchy. Headaches are often worst before the menstrual period and better once the flow begins. The person feels worse from sleeping (either in the daytime or at night) and is usually worse from heat.

  1. Lycopodium

This relieves headaches caused by delaying meals, with desire for hot food and candy.

  1. Spigelia

Excruciating headaches on the left side of the head, with violent throbbing, or stitching pains above or through the eyeball, may respond to this remedy. Pain may extend through the face and is worse from motion, touch, position changes, and jarring. The person may feel better from lying on the right side with the head supported, and keeping still.

MIGRAINE AURA

  1. OVERVIEW

What is a migraine aura?

Migraine aura is considered a “warning stage” that sometimes occurs before the onset of a migraine headache. Migraine aura refers to any number of sensory disturbances, including dots, sparks or zigzags in your vision. Some people experience tinnitus, dizziness or even the inability to speak clearly.

This condition may occur prior to or during a migraine attack — usually 30 to 60 minutes prior to the head pain. It’s important to note that migraine aura doesn’t happen during every migraine episode.

What are the different types of migraine aura?

There are three main types of migraine auras:

Visual aura. This common type of migraine aura is characterized by temporary changes in your vision, such as flashing lights or zigzags.

Sensorimotor aura. Sensory or motor disturbances may include tingling, numbness, or weakness, which may or may not be accompanied by visual aura.

Dysphasic aura. This is the least common type of migraine aura. It includes verbal and language symptoms like mumbling or slurred speech.

How common is a migraine aura?

Only 25% to 30% of people with migraine headaches experience migraine aura. Of that population, approximately:

90% to 99% of people develop visual aura.

36% of people develop sensory aura.

10% of people develop dysphasic aura.

What does a visual migraine aura look like?

People who experience visual migraine aura may notice a variety of disturbances in their field of vision. Visual migraine aura symptoms may include:

Flashing lights.

Brightly colored spots.

Zigzag lines.

Foggy vision.

Blind spots.

The sensation that you’re looking at objects through water or heat waves.

Is migraine aura serious?

Although uncomfortable, a migraine aura isn’t dangerous. However, it can mimic symptoms of other serious conditions, such as stroke. Therefore, it’s important to seek medical care if you think something suspicious is going on.

SYMPTOMS AND CAUSES

What causes migraine aura?

The exact causes of migraine aura are unknown. However, research indicates that the condition may be due to an electrical wave that moves across the visual cortex, resulting in visual changes.

What triggers migraine aura?

Migraine aura is typically triggered by the same factors that cause migraine without aura. Common causes include:

Bright lights.

Certain foods or medications.

Stress.

Sleep disturbances.

Periods.

DIAGNOSIS AND TESTS

How is migraine aura diagnosed?

To rule out more serious conditions, such as a transient ischemic attack (TIA) or mini stroke, your healthcare provider will perform a physical examination. They may also run certain tests to confirm your diagnosis. These tests may include:

An eye exam. This test helps rule out any eye conditions that could be causing aura symptoms.

A CT (computed tomography) scan of your head. This scan takes detailed images of your brain.

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). This test uses magnets and radio waves to capture images of your tissues, organs and structures inside of your body.

MANAGEMENT AND TREATMENT

How do I stop migraine aura?

Migraine aura treatment is focused on easing symptoms. Your healthcare provider may recommend a number of medications, including:

Pain relievers. Prescription or over-the-counter pain medications — such as acetaminophen, ibuprofen or aspirin — can alleviate migraine aura and associated pain.

Triptans. Sumatriptan and rizatriptan block pain pathways in the brain. These medications may be prescribed as pills, injections or nasal spray.

Dihydroergotamine nasal spray or dihydroergotamine injection. These medications can be taken at the onset of a migraine attack in an effort to lessen symptoms.

Opioids. These drugs may be recommended for people who can’t take triptans or dihydroergotamines. Because opioids are highly addictive, this treatment should only be considered when all other options have failed.

Antinausea drugs. When migraine aura is accompanied by nausea and vomiting, medications like metoclopramide, chlorpromazine or prochlorperazine can ease these symptoms.

Magnesium. This supplement can break visual aura and reduce pain.

Can I prevent migraine aura?

While migraine aura can’t be prevented altogether, there are certain things you can do to reduce the length, severity and frequency of attacks. If you experience severe migraines that don’t respond well to treatment, your healthcare provider might recommend:

Nutritional supplements like magnesium, CoQ10 and riboflavin. Be sure to take these according to the recommendations of your healthcare provider.

Medications to lower your blood pressure. Calcium channel blockers like verapamil can help prevent migraine aura. Your healthcare provider may also prescribe beta blockers, such as timolol, propranolol or metoprolol tartrate.

Antiseizure drugs. Topiramate and valproate can reduce migraine frequency in many cases. However, they can cause undesirable side effects, such as nausea, dizziness and weight changes.

Antidepressants. Amitriptyline or other antidepressants may help prevent migraines in some people.

Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) monoclonal antibodies. These are newer, FDA-approved injectable drugs that are used to treat migraines. They are given monthly to help prevent symptoms.

OUTLOOK / PROGNOSIS

How long does migraine aura last?

In most cases, migraine aura symptoms start gradually. Episodes usually last between 20 and 60 minutes.

How can I manage a migraine aura episode?

If you notice migraine aura or other migraine warning signs, stop whatever you’re doing as quickly as possible. Take any medications recommended by your healthcare provider. Find a dark, quiet room and sleep if you’re able.

LIVING WITH

When should I see my healthcare provider?

Migraine aura symptoms can be similar to symptoms of other, more serious illnesses. Therefore, you should contact your healthcare provider immediately if warning signs occur.

FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS

Can you experience migraine aura without the headache?

Yes. Some people experience silent migraine auras. Treating this condition can be difficult since most medications take longer to work than the aura’s duration. Still, taking pain medication at the first sign of aura may reduce the risk of pain, nausea and sensitivity to light or loud noises.

What causes migraine aura without pain?

The causes of migraine aura without pain or headache aren’t fully understood. However, you can learn more about specific triggers by keeping a journal or diary. Keep a record of when your episodes occurred, how long each one lasted and what the symptoms were like. In some cases, this can help you figure out what triggers your migraine auras.

What should I do if I have persistent migraine aura?

Most migraine aura last an hour or less. However, some people may experience continuous migraine auras that last a week or longer. If this happens to you, be sure to contact your healthcare provider right away. They’ll run tests to ensure that your symptoms aren’t due to other, more serious conditions.

Can migraine aura increase during pregnancy?

Pregnancy can result in increased migraine aura without headaches. If you’re pregnant and are experiencing a migraine with or without aura, contact your healthcare provider immedi How long does migraine aura last?

In most cases, migraine aura symptoms start gradually. Episodes usually last between 20 and 60 minutes.

How can I manage a migraine aura episode?

If you notice migraine aura or other migraine warning signs, stop whatever you’re doing as quickly as possible. Take any medications recommended by your healthcare provider. Find a dark, quiet room and sleep if you’re able.